财政分权、政府创新偏好与区域创新效率

Fiscal Decentralization, Government Innovation Preferences and Regional Innovation Efficiency

财政分权作为调整中央与地方财政权力关系的一种制度安排,在很大程度上决定了财政资源配置的方式、效率与水平。本文在理论分析的基础上,基于2003～2015年省级面板数据,通过逐步回归方法和面板联立方程,实证分析了财政分权对区域创新效率的影响。结果表明,财政分权促进了区域创新效率提升,但也会抑制政府创新偏好,导致区域创新系统中政府"有形之手"的作用发挥不够,引起创新效率损失;就综合作用效果而言,财政分权仍能够提升区域创新效率。分地区考察发现,财政分权对区域创新的影响与政府创新偏好的遮掩效应均存在区域差异。从综合作用来看,在东部地区和西部地区,财政分权能够提升区域创新效率;但在中部地区,财政分权对创新效率的影响不显著。就作用机制而言,在东部地区,财政分权在提升区域创新效率的同时,也会抑制地方政府创新偏好,导致创新效率损失;而在西部地区,控制政府创新偏好的内生性问题后发现,财政分权会降低政府对区域创新活动的过度干预,间接提升区域创新效率。

As a system arrangement to adjust the financial authority relationship between the central and local governments, fiscal decentralization largely determines the way,efficiency and level of allocation of financial resources.Based on the theoretical analysis and the provincial panel data from 2003 to 2015,this paper empirically analyses the influence of fiscal decentralization on regional innovation efficiency through the stepwise regression method and the panel simultaneous equation.The results show that fiscal decentralization improves the regional innovation efficiency,but also inhibits the government's innovation preference,which leads to the lack of the role of "tangible hands"in the regional innovation system and the loss of innovation efficiency.In terms of the comprehensive effect,fiscal decentralization can still enhance the efficiency of regional innovation.According to the sub regional survey,there are regional differences in the influence of fiscal decentralization on regional innovation and the concealment effect of government innovation preference.In the eastern and western regions,fiscal decentralization can improve regional innovation efficiency,but in the central region,fiscal decentralization has no significant impact on innovation efficiency.As far as the mechanism is concerned,in the eastern region,fiscal decentralization will also improve the efficiency of regional innovation,but also inhibit the local government's innovation preference and lead to the loss of innovation efficiency.In the western region,after controlling the endogenous problem of government's innovation preference,this paper finds that fiscal decentralization will reduce the government's excessive intervention in regional innovation activities and indirectly enhance the efficiency of regional innovation.