发现型机会和创造型机会能够相互转化吗?——基于多主体视角的研究

Does Discovery Opportunity and Creation Opportunity Transform into Each Other?:Based on Multi-Actors Perspective

作为创业研究的核心问题,发现型机会与创造型机会开发得到学者们的广泛关注。随着研究的深入,二者的转化机制成为目前研究的前沿问题,然而关于这两种类型机会间的转化研究还处于探索性阶段。已有文献多以创业者单一主体为核心,忽略了其他相关主体的作用。基于此,本研究借鉴资源基础观、利益相关者理论、组织学习等理论,构建发现型机会与创造型机会的转化机理模型,系统分析多主体在发现型与创造型机会开发过程中发挥的重要作用。通过理论推导和对支付宝、余额宝的案例分析,提出多主体参与的发现型和创造型机会开发有助于形成机会集。本研究发现正是由于机会集的创建和拓展实现了发现型机会与创造型机会之间的转化,从而从多主体视角解释这两种类型机会间的转化机理。

As central elements of entrepreneurship,discovery opportunity and creation opportunity have gained extensive attention.Recently,the transformation between these two different types of opportunity has become frontier issue.However,the current research on this issue is still in an exploratory stage.Existing research concerned more about the role of entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial process and ignored the effects of other stakeholders.Consequently,this study utilizes the RBV,stakeholder theory and organizational learning theory to construct the transformation model between discovery opportunity and creation opportunity and analyzes the effect of multi-actor in the transformation process.Based on theoretical analysis and the case study of Alipay and Yu'e Bao,we propose that multi-actors who participate in the opportunity development process contributes to creating opportunity set,and the creation and expansion of opportunity set realizes the transformation between the two types of opportunity.Therefore,we reveal the transformation mechanism between these two types of opportunity based on multi-actor perspective.