改革开放40年来中国对外贸易发展研究

Foreign Trade Development of China in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

改革开放40年来,中国对外贸易经历了探索尝试阶段、全面发展阶段、纵深发展阶段、危机应对阶段和对外贸易发展新时期五个发展阶段。现阶段,中国对外贸易制度逐渐完善、规模日益扩大、贸易伙伴不断增多、国际地位显著提升,得益于经济飞速发展、理念与时俱进、积极融入和推动经济全球化。但贸易顺差过大、贸易伙伴过于集中、贸易结构不合理和对外贸易依存度偏高等问题依然严峻。特别在中美贸易战的背景下,中国对外贸易发展不确定性增大,为此中国对外贸易的重要举措应是继续深化"一带一路"各项措施,从政府、企业和社会三个层面推进同沿线国家贸易。

In the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,China’s foreign trade has experienced five development stages: exploration stage, all-round development stage, deep development stage, crisis response stage and the new period of foreign trade development. At present, due to the highspeed economic development, advanced concept, and promoting and integrating into economic globalization actively, China has got improvement of foreign trade system, enlarged trade scale, more trade partners,and higher international status. But some problems like the large trade surplus, concentrated trade partners, irrational trade structure and high foreign trade dependence are still very serious. The uncertainty of China's foreign trade development increases especially in the context of the Sino-US trade war, and the important way is to continue deepening the measures of One Belt One Road and promoting trade with countries along the line from three levels of the government, firms and society.