湖南农村老年女性艾滋病感染者自感羞辱与社会支持

Perceived stigma and social support of older HIV positive female in Hunan rural area

目的 了解湖南农村老年女性人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者自感羞辱水平及社会支持的情况。方法 选取永州农村地区老年女性HIV感染者为研究对象,于2017年1月~2018年1月调查其自感羞辱程度以及社会支持现状。结果 农村老年女性感染者其自感羞辱总得分为(33. 36±9. 31)分,高于同人群老年男性(t=11. 59,P <0. 001),责备维度的得分低于老年男性(t=-6. 14,P <0. 001)。汉族、依靠儿女赡养的、独自居住老年女性HIV感染者自感羞辱程度较高,差异具有统计学意义(均有P <0. 05)。此地区老年女性的社会支持程度较低,其客观支持得分与社交距离以及歧视维度的得分呈负相关(均有P <0. 05);主观支持与责备维度的得分呈正相关(r=0. 27,P=0. 005);支持的利用度得分与责备维度的得分呈正相关(r=0. 41,P <0. 001)。结论 此地区老年女性HIV感染者的自感羞辱程度较同地区男性更高,而社会支持程度较非HIV感染的老年人群低。

Objective To disclose the status of perceived stigma and social support of the older human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive female in rural area of Hunan,China. Methods Comprehensive HIV prevention system was used to select older female who live in Yongzhou. Information related to the status of perceived stigma and social support was collected. Results The older female infectors reported a significantly higher stigma score of the overall scale than that of older male infectors from the same population (t =11. 59,P <0. 001),but a lower score in the dimension of blaming (t = -6. 14,P <0. 001). Participants of Han nationality,had no economical sources,or lived alone had a higher perceived stigma level compared with others (all P<0. 05). The results of correlation analysis suggested that the subjective social support had a negative relationship with distance and discrimination(all P <0. 05),the objective social support had a positive relationship with blaming(r =0. 27,P =0. 005),the utilization of social support was positively related to the blaming dimension(r =0. 41,P <0. 005). Conclusions HIV positive female in Hunan rural area have a higher level of perceived stigma than their male partners but a quite lower level of social support compared with normal older adults.