人工智能民事侵权责任研究

Legal Study on Artificial Intelligence: Attribute and Tort Liability

人工智能时代来临,这把"双刃剑"应用后果的不确定成为当下技术与法律面临的最大挑战,人工智能侵权问题需要法律的及时应对。要讨论人工智能的侵权损害,首先要解决其法律属性问题。现有的侵权责任学说分别建立在人工智能是"人"还是"物"这两种法律属性基础上,各具利弊,不一而足。尽管人工智能具有很强的智能性与自主性,但与传统机器服务于人类的功能无异,且就目前法律体系看,它并不具有民事权利、义务、责任能力,故不具有民事法律主体资格,是为"物",对其侵权可以适用管理人无过错责任原则。当下人工智能的侵权立法进路在于寻求损害赔偿、责任承担与技术发展三者间的平衡,逆向加重生产者的道德责任与技术责任,同时设立专门的监管机构,保障人类在与人工智能长期博弈中的安全与稳定。

Along with the coming of Artificial Intelligence( AI) time,it’s necessary for China to make legal measures to cope with the technological uncertainty results. The research of AI tort liability is based on the legal attribute of AI in Chinese laws,which explains whether it is a person or not. The existing theories of tort liability are based on the two legal attributes of AI: human or object,which have their own advantages and disadvantages. Although the AI is as intelligent as humans,it remains the properties of the machine that services to the human beings instead of owning the same position in law. As a result,AI is not a legal subject but an object in Chinese laws at the moment. No-fault Liability can be used in AI tort cases. It is critical to find a balance point among the damage compensation,liability undertaking and the technology development,which could have make a more serious duty for the producers and operators on this converse legal logic. New professional supervisor institute for AI should be built in order to make sure the safety and stability of human beings for coping with the long-time coexistence with the AI.