感性论角度的康德哲学

Kant and his philosophy from the perspective of sensibility

感性在康德哲学中常被看作较为低级的能力,但实际上它也是与人的本源存在紧密相关的能力。康德的感性诸能力主要包括感性、纯直观、经验性直观、感觉、情感等。情感可以是认识的、审美的或道德的,以先天原则为基础的情感是普遍的。审美情感以知性能力的和谐运作为基础,审美愉悦以无目的地合目的的形式指向了某种超感性的基底,指向了物自身、自由、无限。而自由是通过道德判断的绝对命令呈现的,是我们人之为人的根本。审美判断和道德判断以或偶然或命令的形式使得无限、自由得以显现,两者虽然方式不同、路径有别,却暗通款曲。从感性论诸概念透视康德区分的三个不同哲学领域,不仅使我们对康德"人是什么"的解答清晰起来,也为理解康德哲学的整体性提供了一个视角。

Sensibility is regarded by Kant as a lower faculty,which in effect is also closely related to human existence.Kant's sensibility includes sense,pure intuition,empirical intuition,feeling and emotion.Emotions can be cognitive,aesthetic or moral,based on universal innate principles.The writer attempts to clarify Kant's account of aesthetic and moral judgment as perspectives of three different philosophical fields in answering to what is man.