恢复性措施在环境刑事司法实践中的应用分析

Application of Restorative Measures in Environmental Criminal Judicial Practice

环境犯罪不仅破坏了环境资源保护制度,也损害了生态法益,保护公共环境利益是刑法介入环境保护最根本的出发点。近几年来,随着环境司法专门化和环境司法理念的发展,越来越多的环境恢复性措施出现在环境刑事司法实践中。与传统惩治犯罪的刑罚措施不同,环境恢复性措施着眼于对受到损害的环境质量、生态系统进行修复。恢复性措施的应用让犯罪人更清楚地认识到其行为对环境的危害,督促犯罪人主动承担环境修复责任,有利于利害关系人的参与,实现社会和谐。但是,恢复性司法与传统司法在原则和理念等方面存在一定的冲突,实践中恢复性措施的应用带有一定的随意性,存在地区差异大、标准不统一、程序不规范等问题。环境恢复性司法必须根植于我国的刑事司法制度,不与刑法基本原则相违背,在此基础上注重对环境损害的救济及公众利益的考量,逐步完善环境恢复性司法的法律依据,增设环境刑罚辅助措施,鼓励法院发挥司法能动性,践行恢复性司法理念,创新恢复性措施,最大限度修复生态环境。

Environmental crime not only damages the environmental resources protection system,but also damages the ecological legal interests.The environmental public interests are the focal point for relevant criminal laws to regulate the environmental issues.An increasing number of restorative measures have been applied in environmental criminal judicial practice,as a result of the development of environmental judicial specialization and environmental judicial theory. Different from the traditional criminal punishment measures,the environmental restorative measures focus on the restoration of the damaged environment.The application of restorative measures in environmental crime cases enables criminals to have a clearer understanding of the environmental damage caused by their behaviors,and urges them to take the responsibility of environmental restoration on their own initiative,it will also help to promote the participation of stakeholders and the realization of social harmony and environmental justice.However,restorative justice is in some extent conflict with traditional justice in terms of principles and concepts.In practice,the application of restorative measures is somewhat arbitrary,and there are some problems such as large regional differences,non-unify standards and procedures.This paper suggests that envi- ronmental restorative justice must be rooted in China's criminal justice system,and not contrary to the basic principles of criminal law.On this basis,attention should be paid to the relief of environmental damage and the consideration of public interests.We should encourage the courts to play their judicial role,practice the concept of environmental restoration,innovate restorative measures,and restore the ecological environment to the maximum extent.