缅甸大其力市滇籍汉人的族籍变更与生存策略

The Ethnic Modify and Survival Strategies of Yunnanese in Tachileik

位于泰、缅、老三国交界地带的大其力市,地理位置十分特殊,民族构成也十分复杂。近代由于中国政权的更迭及其他种种原因,有大批的云南籍汉人移至此地。在缅甸特殊的公民政策及当地多元文化背景下,该群体在保留族群文化,取得"完全"公民身份问题上面临诸多障碍。他们一方面在族群内部交往中恪守华人身份实践,另一方面又通过在政府注册"掸""拉祜"等已受官方认可的其他民族身份,来获取"缅甸完全公民身份"。文章以布迪厄的"场域"理论为视角,进而认为大其力市滇籍汉人在不同情境中所展现出的灵活身份实践,是其依据缅甸特殊的政治与经济情景所形成的生存策略。

Tachileik is located on the border between Thailand, Burma and the old three kingdoms. Its geographical location is very special, and its ethnic composition is very complicated. In modern times, due to the change of Chinese regime and various other reasons, a large number of Han Chinese from Yunnan moved to this place. In the context of Burma’s special civil policy and local multicultural background, the group faces many obstacles in preserving ethnic culture and obtaining "complete" citizenship. On the one hand, they scrupulously abide by the Chinese identity practice in the inter ethnic Association, and on the other hand, the "complete citizenship of Burma" is obtained through the government registered "Shan" and "Lahu" and other ethnic identity which has been officially recognized. From the perspective of Bourdieu’s "field" theory, the article thinks that the flexible identity practice of the Han people in Tachileik and Yunnan in different situations is the survival strategy based on the special political and economic situation in Burma.