“5E2R”医学伦理学教学模式的构建和具体应用

The Construction and Application of “5E2R” Medical Ethics Teaching Mode

"5E2R"医学伦理学教学模式以反思平衡方法为理论指导,以提升伦理决策能力为目标导向,包含七个教学环节:呈现、导出、解释、反思、修正、平衡和评价。在该教学模式中,教师创设具体情境、凝练目标伦理问题,针对该问题导出学生的初始道德判断,引导学生援引既有伦理理论、原则对初始道德判断进行解释,通过反复反省和检视,发现既有伦理理论、原则与初始道德判断之间的冲突,尝试着不断修正初始道德判断或既有伦理理论、原则,从而达成二者的双向融贯与平衡,以获得有效辩护的伦理回答和伦理决策。最终,教师比照教学目标并总结反思目标完成情况。

"5E2R"medical ethics teaching mode,aiming at enhancing ethical decision-making ability,takes reflective equilibrium method as the theoretical guidance and includes seven teaching sections,including exhibit,export,explain,reflection,revise,equilibrium,and evaluate.In this mode,the teacher creates specific situation and condenses ethical issues.In view of this issue,the teacher derives students’ initial moral judgments,and guides them to quote existing ethical theories and principles to interpret the initial moral judgments.Through repeated reflection and examination,students are guided to discover the conflicts between existing ethical theories(or principles)and initial moral judgments.To obtain an effective defense of the ethical answer or ethical decision,the students try to revise the initial moral judgments or ethical theories(or principles),achieving the two-way coherence between moral judgments and ethical theories(or principles).Finally,the teacher compares teaching objectives and summarizes the completion of the objectives.