废旧锂离子电池回收处理技术研究进展

Overview of Recovery Technique of Spent Lithium-ion Batteries

锂离子电池自上世纪90年代商品化以来,便以重量轻、体积小、能量密度高、循环性能好等优点,广泛应用于移动电子设备、电动汽车和储能等领域。随着锂离子电池生命周期的结束,废旧锂离子电池数量与日俱增。为了保护环境以及对废旧锂离子电池中有价金属进行资源化再利用,国内外研究者进行了大量的研究。本文从预处理、电极材料的溶解浸出、浸出液中金属离子的提纯三方面归纳了废旧锂离子电池的回收处理方法。综述了浸出液中金属离子提纯方法,包括化学沉淀法、盐析法、离子交换法、萃取法、电化学法和直接合成电极材料法。最后,指出了未来废旧锂离子电池回收处理技术研究的发展方向。

Lithium ion battery has been widely used in the field of mobile electronic equipment,electric vehicles and energy storage since it was commercialized in the 1990s.It has the advantages of light weight, small volume,high energy density and good cycle performance.With the failure of lithium ion batteries, the number of spent lithium-ion batteries is increasing.In order to protect the environment and recycle the valuable metals in the spent lithium ion batteries,a lot of researches have been done at home and abroad. In this paper,the recovery methods of spent lithium ion batteries were summarized from three aspects: pretreatment,dissolution of electrode materials and purification of metal ions in leaching solution.The purification methods of metal ions in leaching solution were reviewed,including chemical precipitation method,salting out method,ion exchange method,extraction method,electrochemical method and direct synthesis method.Finally,the research direction of recycling technology of waste lithium ion battery was pointed out.