Pour和“倒”的词汇语义及其运动事件表达

Lexical Semantics of pour and dào and Motion Event Expressions

英汉语位移动词pour和"倒"融合了位移、使因和容器概念。基于语料统计发现:(1)英汉语致使移动句是基本运动事件表达句,英汉语双宾句、英语pour full句、汉语"倒满"句体现了副事件融合的扩展模式。(2)英汉语的终点路径均呈优势分布。(3)位移终点INTO在英语双宾句缺省表达,而汉语使用"给"表达位移目标TO和位移终点INTO;汉语双宾结构中,"给X"在动词前呈优势分布。(4)英语用full表达"内部充满"的结果语义,而汉语用"满"编码"表面布满"和"内部充满"的概念语义;在表达"内部充满"的结果路径语义时,英汉语主体-背景均逆序表达。

As motion verbs,English pour and Chinese dào conflate such concepts as Motion,Cause and Container. This corpus-based study reveals the following findings:( 1) basic motion event is represented by caused motion construction in both English and Chinese while ditransitive construction like English"pour full"construction and Chinese"dào mǎn"construction instantiate extended patterns of co-event conflation;( 2) in both languages,arrival path presents dominant distribution;( 3) in terms of ditransitive construction,no lexical item is specified in English whereas gěi in Chinese is used to express both target concept TO and arrival path concept INTO,with gěixdistributing dominantly before the predicate verb; and( 4)English full is employed to encode "interior full"whereas in Chinese mǎn is put to use,encoding both "interior full"and "surface full". It is further found that when the result path "interior full"is expressed,figure-ground is inverted in both English and Chinese.