从开放获取到“超越开放获取”——“下一代机构知识库”给予我们的启示

From Open Access to “Beyond Open Access”——Enlightment from “Next Generation Repositories”

开放获取是知识界针对知识资源过度商业化而兴起的一场运动,反映了知识界对"知识资源也是一种公共资源"的期待和诉求。从过往实践看,开放获取在推进过程中出现了一些异化及负面现象,如付费出版加剧了知识生产者和资助者的负担,部分商业出版社借开放获取谋利现象严重,缺乏资助的科学工作者获取资源变得更加困难等。这说明开放获取不只是钱的问题,更是一个文化的问题。"超越开放获取"的提出,要求人们从文化和价值观层面解决信息资源多元、公平和包容开放的问题,并采取更激进、更严厉的措施,将公共资金资助的科学研究资源从商业出版中间盘剥的状态中解放出来,以多元、平等和包容为原则,发挥各机构知识库的主体作用和协作机制,建立可持续的全球型知识共享空间,从根本上解决学术传播体系问题。"下一代机构知识库"的核心是将机构知识库作为一种分布式的、全球网络基础设施的学术交流平台,其总体框架的最上一层可部署知识加值服务,由此将系统提升为能面向研究、开放并有助于创新,同时便于学术群体集体管理的平台。本文通过对全球开放获取进展状况的回顾,分析存在的问题和原因,研究"超越开放获取"提出的背景及其意义,探讨"下一代机构知识库"对科技创新发展的作用和影响。

Open Access is a campaign rising in intellectual community due to excessive commercialization of intellectual resources,which reflects the expectation and appeal from intellectual community that intellectual resources are also a kind of public resources.A period of practice has brought some alienations and negative phenomena in promoting open access,such as,paid publication has added to the burden of intellectual producers and sponsors,serious benefit-seeking by some commercial publishers through open access,and more difficulties in acquiring resources by scientific workers who are lack of funding,which reflect that,open access is not only a financial issue,but also a cultural issue.So,the concept of "Beyond Open Access"has been put forward,which requires the problem of diversified,fair and inclusive openness of information resources to be solved from the perspective of culture and values,adopts more radical and more stringent measures to liberate the scientific research resources funded by public funds from the state of exploitation in the middle of commercial publishing,plays the main body role and cooperation mechanism of each institutional repository according to the principles of pluralism,equality and tolerance,and establishes a sustainable global knowledge sharing space,thus to fundamentally solve the problem of academic communication system.The core of the "Next Generation Repositories"is to make the institutional repository a platform for academic exchange with distributed and global network infrastructure.The overall framework is that the top layer of deployable knowledge-added services will enhance the system.Thus,the system can be promoted to be research-oriented,open and conducive to innovation,and to facilitate the collective management of academic groups.Through reviewing the progress of global open access,this paper analyzes the existing problems and causes,studies the backgrounds and significances of "Beyond Open Access",and explores the role and influence of "Next Generation Repositories" on the development of scientific and technological innovation.1tab.12refs.