国外体育行动研究的萌发、践行及启示

Sprouting,Practice and Inspirations of Foreign Sports Action Research Paradigm

理论自信指导实践创新是体育研究的内生要求。然而目前我国体育研究大多面临着理论探索与应用实践相脱离的问题,缺乏"行动"的力量。在文献资料法的基础上,试图通过对国内尚未盛行的研究路径——体育行动研究范式的理论渊源、方法论基础及其在国外体育研究实践现状的梳理与分析,找出跨越理论-实践"鸿沟"的路径。研究表明:国外体育行动研究范式可溯源至建构主义理论和批判理论,以实践认识论为基础,在方法论上突出了反思理性和认知旨趣,并由此经历了"理性社会管理""反实证主义"和"社会变革"三大阶段的流变形态,形成了"体育管理评估的行动研究""体育从业者专业化发展的行动研究""体育教学的行动研究""亚文化群体的体育行动研究"四大研究实践领域。国外经验表明,体育行动研究不仅对体育实践中的问题有具体的解决方案和行动力量,还有利于体育源生理论的产生,是架起体育理论与实践的桥梁。行动研究在国外的应用与实践经验,也为我国体育研究提供了一定的启示和参考,能够在方法论层面为解决我国体育领域现实问题做出贡献。

Theoretical confidence guiding practice innovation is the endogenous requirement of sports research. However,at present,most of the sports research in China is facing the problem that the theoretical exploration is separated from the practical application,lacking the strength of "action".Based on the method of literature review,this study attempted to find a way to bridge the gap between theory and practice by sorting out and analyzing the theoretical origin,methodological basis and practice of sports action research paradigm,which is not yet prevalent in China.The research showed that:The paradigm of sports action research abroad can be traced back to constructivism theory and critical theory.On the basis of practical epistemology,it highlights the rational and cognitive purport in methodology.It has gone through the three stages of "rational social management","anti-positivism"and "social change",and has formed four practical research fields:the action research of sports manage- ment evaluation,the action research of professional development of sports practitioners,the action research of sports teaching and the sports action research of sub-cultural groups.Foreign experience shows that sports action research not only has specific solutions and motive force to the problems in sports practice,but also is conducive to the emergence of the theory of sports origin and physiology.It is a bridge between sports theory and practice.The application and practical experience of action research in foreign countries also provide some enlightenment and reference for sports research in China,and can contribute to the solution of practical problems in the field of sports in China on the methodological level.