中国科技政策与产业协同演化40年

40 years of co-evolution of China’s S&T policy and industries

本文回顾了改革开放40年来中国科技政策和产业发展的协同演化历程,指出了后发国家科技政策的着力点和着力方式应当伴随其产业追赶的进程而不断调整。在产业追赶初期,科技政策的重点应放在促进技术引进,为本土企业创造学习国外先进技术的机会。在产业追赶中期,科技政策的重点应逐步转向促进企业自主创新,避免对国外技术形成依赖。而在产业追赶后期,由于走向国际创新前沿的本土企业面临技术和市场的双重不确定性,科技政策的重点应转向引导技术方向和创造市场需求之上。

This paper reviews the co-evolution of China's science and technology (S&T)policies and industrial development during the 40years of reform and opening up.It is pointed out that the appropriate S&T policies of latecomer countries should be contingent upon the specific stage of industrial catching-up.In the early stage of catching-up,the policies should focus on promoting teehnology transfer and creating learning opportunities for domestic innovators.In the middle stage of eatehing-up,the focus of S&T polieies should gradually shift to promote indigenous innovation of domestic firms,preventing domestic firms from too much reliance on foreign technology.In the late stage of catching-up,the domestic firms at the global innovation frontier face both technological and market uncertainties.Therefore,the foous of S&T policies should further shift to identify technological directions and ereate market demand.