清代西域诗对西域自然地理符号化书写的颠覆与重构

Subversion and Reconstruction of the Western Region in the Poems in the Qing Dynasty

张骞通西域以来,各类书写中逐渐形成了关于西域自然景观的文化符号,塑造并强化了片面的西域观。亲历其地大大改变了清代西域诗人基于历史与文化传统形成的关于西域的认知,他们笔下出现了大量西域自然景观秀美清丽及田园风光安宁静谧的抒写,西域文化符号的使用率大大降低,这一状况意味着对汉唐两代各类书写中对西域景观的片面性凸显的颠覆,同时也意味着将西域视为他者的文化观念的消解。清代西域诗还原了西域丰富而复杂的自然地理样貌,显示了西域诗人对这一地域情感与文化上的认同,这一变化,是在清代和平安定的大一统时代形势下才获得的。

Since Zhang Qian started the relationship between the Western Regions and Central China, cultural symbols about the natural landscape of the Western Regions gradually formed in various kinds of writings, shaping and strengthening a one-sided view of the Western Regions. The poets of the Western Regions in the Qing Dynasty greatly changed understandings of the Western Regions based on historical and cultural traditions. In their works, a large number of quiet and exquisite natural landscapes of the Western Regions were written, and the usage of the cultural symbols formed by the Han and Tang Dynasties was greatly reduced. This situation also means the dissolution of the cultural concepts regarding the Western Regions. The poems in the Qing Dynasty restored the rich and complicated physical and geographical features of the Western Regions, showing the poets’ emotional and cultural recognition of the Region. This change was achieved in the era of peace and stability in the Qing Dynasty.