“王言之大”:唐代贬谪制诏的文体解读

"Wang Yan Zhi Da" : A Stylistic Interpretation of the Tang Dynasty's Relegation Edicts

"王言之大"是刘勰在《文心雕龙·诏策》篇中对"诏策"文体主要特点的整体描述,重在突出诏策"权威性""严正性"的特征。作为"王言"的一种,唐代贬谪制诏分别从"权威之大"、"形式之雅"、"包容之广"、"内蕴之深"四个方面体现其"大"的特性。四个方面指自上而下的命令性文体特质,专属稳定的程式化言说方式,因事制宜的弹性式功能延展以及崇古尚礼的复合型文化旨归。这四大特性各自独立又相互关联、相辅相成,从形制到内涵,从政治到文化,层层深入,立体地呈现出贬谪制诏作为一种"王言"的基本特性。

"Wang Yan Zhi Da" is the main features of the style of the overall discussion of the "Edict" in the book《Wen Xin Diao Long· Zhao Ce》by Liu Xie. It means that imperial edict must be included in the annals of history,therefore extremely important.The Decree of the Tang Dynasty, as one kind of "Wang Yan(imperial edicts)" reflects its "Da(grandness)" from its birth to its stereotype in four aspects: the top-down commanding-style genre reflects it powerfulness; the exclusive and stable style reflects the form of elegance; the elasticity of the function highlights its inclusion; and the respect for the ancient complex cultural rites aims at highlighting its deep connotation. These four,independent and interrelated, complement each other, richly showing the demeanor of the basic characteristics of the system as a kind of the "Wang Yan(imperial speech)" from its birth to stereotypes, from form to content, and from politics to culture. It is this characteristic that becomes the core of the quality of the style of writing, which stipulates its "body" boundary, forms its fixed pattern and is imitated by the coming generations.