2017年甘孜州丹巴县麻疹发病特征分析

The Epidemic Characteristics of Measles in Danba County From Garze State in 2017

目的掌握2017年丹巴县麻疹流行特征和高发原因,为今后的麻疹防控提供决策依据。方法通过国家麻疹监测信息报告管理系统收集整理2017年丹巴县麻疹病例资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2017年丹巴县共发生麻疹病例56例,发病率为86.60/10万,无死亡病例。其中大于等于15岁的人群病例数居首位(83.93%),其次为小于6岁儿童(16.07%)。发病前7~21d有医院就诊史的占25.00%,其中有丹巴县人民医院就诊史的占比最高为42.86%。8月龄至6岁儿童含麻疹成分疫苗估算接种率<90%。2017年丹巴县报告外地麻疹病例1例,丹巴县麻疹病例和报告外地麻疹病例的比例为1∶0.02。结论成人易感人群积累、MCV常规免疫接种率低和医院暴露是2017年丹巴县麻疹高发的主要原因,建议采取以开展成人MCV免疫及MR应急接种为主的综合防控措施。

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of measles and the causes of its high incidence in Danba county in order to provide reference for the further prevention and control of measles. Methods Surveillance data of measles cases in Danba county in 2017 were collected from the National Measles Surveillance information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the surveillance data. Results A total of 56 measles cases were reported in Danba county in 2017,the incidence was 86. 60/105 ,with no death case reported. People over 15 years old accounted for most of the cases( 83.93%) and children under 6 years old accounted for 16. 07% of the total. The proportion of patients with hospital treatment history 7 to 21 days before the disease onset was 25. 00%,and most of them were treated in Danba County People's Hospital (42.86%).Estimated vaccination coverage rate of measles contained vaccines among children aged 8 months to 6 years was lower than 90%. One imported case of measles was reported in Danba county in 2017. The ratio of imported measles cases and local measles cases in Danba county was 1∶0.02.Conclusion The accumulation of susceptible population, low MCV routine immunization coverage and nosocomial infection were the main reasons for the high incidence of measles in Danba county in 2017. It is recommended that MCV immunization should be better covered among adults and the MR emergency inoculation based comprehensive prevention and control for measures are recommended.