神经系统自身免疫性疾病研究的现状及进展

Research progress and current status of neurosystemic autoimmunity diseases

神经系统自身免疫性疾病的临床表现复杂多样,不同疾病症状经常存在交叉重叠,不易鉴别。检测血清和(或)脑脊液中的相关自身抗体对于疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及预测具有重要意义。随着检测技术的进步,多方法学、多指标联合检测策略得以有效应用,其结果较单一指标检测能够提供更全面的疾病信息,更快速、更准确的帮助疾病确诊和治疗。过去十年中,研究发现了一系列致病性的神经系统自身抗体,使原本诊断不明的疾病得以明确诊断。本文对神经系统自身免疫性疾病及相关自身抗体的研究进展进行综述,同时分析、讨论国内检测现状,以期对基础研究和临床工作起到指导作用。

The clinical manifestations of neurosystemic autoimmunity diseases are complicated and varied. Symptoms of different diseases often overlap and are not easily identified.It is very important to detect autoantibodies in serum and(or) cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prediction of disease. With advances in autoantibody detection, multi-method and multi-index joint detection strategies, the results of which can provide more comprehensive disease information than single indicator detection and make diagnosis and treatment of disease more quickly and accurately, are widely used. Over the past decade, a series of pathogenic autoantibodies were identified. The discovery of these autoantibodies led to the diagnosis of many previously undiagnosed diseases. This paper reviews the research progress of autoantibodies associated with neurosystemic autoimmunity diseases, analyzes the current situation of detection in China and puts forward some suggestions in order to provide guidance for basic research and clinical work.