玉米矮杆基因研究进展

Research Progress on Maize Dwarf Genes

玉米已成为我国种植面积最大的农作物,提高玉米的种植密度是提高玉米产量的重要技术手段。玉米的株型改良成为玉米遗传育种研究的重点之一。合理株型和抗倒伏能力是影响玉米产量的重要农艺性状,也是衡量优良玉米品种的重要指标之一。通过玉米矮化基因的分离及研究,开发相应的分子标记,培育出矮化或半矮化玉米植株,从而改善玉米株型结构,增加种植密度,提高群体光合效能,提高玉米产量。主要从玉米矮化育种的概况、玉米矮化基因遗传特点、玉米矮化基因的表型以及激素对玉米矮化的影响等方面的研究进行了总结和概述,为玉米矮化基因的开发利用及分子机制的阐明提供新的信息。

Corn has become the largest crop in China by planting area,and increasing the planting density is a key approach forimproving maize yield. The plant type of corn has become one of the most critical researches on maize genetic breeding. Reasonable plant shapeand lodging resistance is important trait affecting the corn yield,and is one of the important indexes for evaluating maize varieties. Molecularmarkers corresponding to dwarf genes can be developed through isolation and cloning of them,by which the dwarf or semi-dwarf corn plantmay be cultivated;subsequently,the plant shape is improved,then the planting density can be increased,the photosynthetic efficiencyof population is improved,and finally yield increases. Here we reviewed and summarized corn dwarf breeding,the genetic characteristics ofcorn dwarf genes,the phenotype of corn dwarf genes,and the effects of hormones on the corn dwarf,aiming at providing new clues for theapplication of dwarf gene and the expounding of molecular mechanisms.