教师表情线索和陈词类型对学前儿童选择性信任的影响

Teachers’ Expression Cues and Testimony Types and Pre-school Children’s Selective Trust

目的:本研究在两位教师同样具备友善特质的前提下,考察儿童的选择性信任是否会受到老师表情线索和陈词类型的影响。方法:以180名4—6岁的儿童为被试,使用冲突信息源范式,在两位教师同样具备友善特质的前提下,研究了当学前儿童面对生活中道德两难问题时,教师的表情线索(严肃/微笑)和陈词类型(利己俐他)是否会影响他们的选择信任。结果:①4-6岁儿童更愿意向微笑教师求助;②在微笑-利他陈词VS严肃-利己陈词两个实验条件下,4-6岁儿童对微笑-利他的支持率显著高于严肃-利己;在微笑-利己陈词VS严肃-利他陈词的条件下,4岁儿童对微笑-利己的支持率显著高于6岁儿童;③6岁儿童对严肃-利他的支持率显著高于4岁儿童。结论:结果说明儿童的选择性信任受教师的表情线索和陈词类型的影响,而且存在年龄差异。

Objective:Selective trust implies that pre-school children make inferences about informants according to their rationally appraise informant's information,so as to trust some informants selectively.Methods:In the present study, we selected 180children aged 4-6years as the subjects and used conflict source paradigm.The study primarily examined whether teachers'facial cues and testimony types would impact preschoolers'selective trust in a dilemma situation.Both of the characteristics of teachers were friendly,the first variable was the facial expression cues(smiling/serious),and the other variable was the testimony type(self-interest/altruistic).Results:The ANOVA showed significant main and interactive effects of age and types of experimental condition.Post-hoe analysis showed that:①4to 6years old children preferred the smiling teachers to the serious teachers,and they were more likely to ask the smiling teachers for help.②4to 5-year-old children depended more on facial cues for selective trust,while 6-year-old children were able to concern both facial cues and testimony types for selective trust simultaneously.Conclusion:The results indicated that smile may play a major role in children's selective trust,suggesting the importance of the smile in teaching and regulating behavior and emotions for teachers.