人口老龄化高原背景下加快我国养老金体系结构化改革的思考

Reflections on Boosting Structural Reform of China's Pension System in the Context of an Aging Plateau

改革开放以来,经过多年努力,我国已经初步建立起了一个覆盖范围广泛、多方主体参与的规模庞大、制度复杂的多层次养老金体系。但总体来看,我国养老金体系仍面临着一系列挑战,尤其是在人口老龄化风险加剧的背景下,我国养老金体系面临长期的供需矛盾,最突出的挑战是养老金体系的结构性失衡,公共养老金制度压力过大,基本养老保险制度一支独大,补充性养老金制度进展缓慢,待遇水平充足性有限;同时还面临着一系列的制度管理困境。应对这些挑战,必须充分借鉴国际经验,建设和完善符合我国国情的多支柱养老金体系。

With many years of efforts since the reform and opening up,China has instituted a multi-layered pension system characterized by its enormous scale,wide coverage and multi-subject participation.Nevertheless,it is still confronted with a skein of.problems.The conflict between supply and demand becomes a long-lasting problem as the risk of population aging increases. Particularly,structural imbalance has become the most serious challenge.It finds expression in the following aspects:the public pension system is overburdened,with the basic pension insurance system remaining the biggest part,while supplementary pension system lags behind;and pension this system provides is generally inadequate.In addition,there are a series of plights in governance. To cope with these challenges,we need to borrow from international experience and improve a multi-pillar pension system that conforms to China's national conditions.