京都大学馆藏《章炳麟手稿》刍议

On the Manuscript of Zhang Binglin Housed in Kyoto University

本文以京都大学人文科学研究所所藏《章炳麟手稿》为中心,分析其佛学观,辨明《手稿》(简称,下同)各部分思想。《手稿》原有四节:佛法是宗教还是哲学;佛法也有不圆满处,应待后人弥补缺陷;中、印佛法本来就存在差异,两者间有互通之处;佛法同老庄一样可以应对时务。章太炎探求了佛法、宗教、哲学三者关系,主张真俗二谛不容分割,融佛道(老庄)于一炉,归于“万法唯心”。他认为,因中、印佛法各有长短,应兼取二者之所长,以备时局之需。此篇乃章太炎先生佛学思想较为成型之作,上承《齐物论释》以法相唯识解老庄之径路,下启各演说、讲学中所涵心力革命的微言。鉴于《手稿》自身的完整性、体系化,虽为单篇,但它却可以独立出来,成为表述章氏佛学思想之重要侧面。

Focusing on the Manuscript of Zhang Binglin housed in the Institute for Research in Humanities,Kyoto University,this article analyzes Zhang Binglin’s understanding of Buddhism and distinguishes the thought in each part of the Manuscript( abbreviation of the Manuscript of Zhang Binglin,henceforth). The Manuscript has four parts originally: 1,the Buddhist doctrine( Dharma), a religion or a philosophy; 2, the Buddhist doctrine is incomplete and awaits the amelioration of later generations; 3,the Buddhist doctrine in China and that in India have similarities as well as differences; 4,like Taoism,the Buddhist doctrine could also cope with current affairs. Zhang Taiyan explored the relationship among the Buddhist doctrine,religion and philosophy. He suggested that the absolute truth( parāmartha-satya) and the conventional truth( sa m·v r·ti-satya) shall not be divided,and that Buddhism and Taoism shall converge and come to that "all phenomena are nothing but mind". According to Zhang Taiyan,since the Buddhist doctrine in China and that in India have their respective strong and weak points,it is necessary to take all their strong points to meet the needs of current affairs.The Manuscript was written when the Buddhist thoughts of Master Zhang Taiyan were almost shaped. It continued the way in the Interpretation of Qiwu Lun to explain Taoism by the mereconsciousness( Vij1āptimātratāsiddhi) and began the profound discourse of the revolution of mental power in various lectures. Given its own wholeness and systemization,the Manuscript,although as one piece of work,could be singled out to express the important perspective of Zhang’s Buddhist thoughts.