中国舞者的舞蹈“心像”调查

The Investigation on the Mental Imagery of Chinese Dancers

舞蹈心像是指舞者脑海中对舞蹈相关经历(现实、虚拟)有意识地重现。国外研究显示舞蹈心像的运用普遍见于各年龄层次与训练水平的舞者。其作用包括:辅助技巧学习,提高表演质量,激发编创灵感,培植舞者自信等等。本研究通过对16位不同舞种(芭蕾舞,现代舞,中国古典舞)的中国职业男女舞者进行有关舞蹈心像的问卷调查和访谈,发现他们普遍都有运用舞蹈心像的经历,而且在心像的内容、成因、场景、感官途径等方面都与国外研究结果有显著共性。同时,中国舞者心像的审美取向因为传统东方文化的影响而有别于西方舞者的心像:譬如与中国书画和诗词相关的心像体验,以及与意象、意境的密切联系是中国舞者心像独有的特征。国外心像研究的结果可供借鉴,但要发挥心像对中国舞者的促进作用,必须按照东方艺术审美标准编制心像,并对其成效进行验证。

Dance imagery is an intentionally created mental representation of a dance-associated experience,either real or imaginary,which may affect the dancer and her or his movement.It has been well established by plenty of foreign researches that dancers of all ages and levels of expertise utilized imagery.Imagery serves various functions for dancers,such as learning skills, improving performance,inspiring choreography and cultivating self-confidence,etc.The study recruited a total of 16 Chinese elite professional dancers of both genders who engage in a variety of dance types including ballet,Chinese classical dance and contemporary dance.By means of questionnaire and interview with regard to their own experiences related to dance imagery,it was found that imagery experiences of,these Chinese dancers were comparable to the experiences reported by precedent foreign studies as to the content,motivation,scenario,and sensing pathway of imagery.On the other hand,imagery of Chinese dancers was distinct from western counterparts in respect of their aesthetic inclination imparted by traditional oriental culture,such as Chinese poems and calligraphy.A close relationship between dance imagery and connotative artistic image (Yi Xiang)artistic mood (Yi Jing)merits close attention as a distinct feature of Chinese dancers'imagery.Further researches about imagery of Chinese dancers must be carried out in the context of traditional oriental art and culture.