全球化下西方社会的国族境遇与国家治理困局

The National Circumstances and Government Dilemma of Western Societies in the Age of Globalization

以"民族"为中心、以国家的"民族化"为途径克服诸多危机,既是西方国家兴起、强大的政治基石,也是认识世界民族国家体系推动国家治理现代化的基本视角。然而,全球化下,跨国流动带来的西方国家内部的异质化与国族结构的复杂化、"族群正义"话题下掀起的族群"民族化"运动与频发的族际冲突、以及由之带来的多元文化主义与同化主义在国家治理中的选择悖论,均表明西方各国无一例外面临着严峻的国族形式化与空心化的困境,并呈现为国家特性被削弱的国家治理危机。增强国族的一体化或重建国族,已成为西方社会国家治理无法回避的必答题。

Western countries have overcome various crises and risen to their present status through nationalization of the state and centralization of ethnicity, which is also the foundation on which the nation-state system is built and the basic approach to the modernization of state governance. However, in the context of globalization, the heterogenization within western countries and the complication of ethnic distribution brought by international flow of personnel,nationalist movements and racial conflicts that are on the rise due to the heated discussion of ethnic justification, and the conflict between multi-culturalism and assimilationism in state governance, reveal a common issue facing all western countries – the nationalization and"hollowing out"of the state, which is manifested in the deterioration of state governance and weakening of national identity. Accelerating the integration of the state and ethnicity or rebuilding national identity has become an unavoidable problem western countries have had to solve in governing their society.