元词走向及其异质特征

The Tendency and Heterogeneity of Ci in the Yuan Dynasty

元代文化是中原农耕文化、西域商业文化、草原游牧文化激荡融合的结果。在元代多元文化背景之下,元词有元词之特色,通观元词的发展和元代词人的创作情况,较之于宋、金词有着独有的时代风貌。元词是整个元代文学不可或缺的成分,元词上承宋金词,下启明清词,是衔接两宋和明清之间不可缺少的中间一个重要的环节。元代少数民族词人的涌现,元词兼容南北,风格多样以及元代词与曲之间的递变均是元词的特征。

The culture of the Yuan Dynasty was the result of the fusion of farming culture in central plains,commercial culture in Western Regions and nomadic culture in grasslands.Under the multicultural background of the Dynasty,Ci (a type of classical Chinese poetry,originating in the Tang Dynasty and fully developed in the Song Dynasty) had its own characteristics.The observation of the development of Ci then and its literary creation,in comparison with the situation in the Song and Jin Dynasties,found its unique style.It was indispensable to the whole literature in the Yuan Dynasty and to the link between the Song Dynasty and the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The Ci then was characterized by the emergence of ethnic minority writers,the inclusion of the styles in the south and north of the Dynasty,the diversity of styles and the gradual change from Ci to Qu (a type of verse for singing,which emerged in the Southern Song and Jin Dynasties and become popular in the Yuan Dynasty).