德国慕尼黑大都市区小城镇就业空间关系研究

Study on the Employment Spatial Relationship of Small Cities in Munich Metropolitan Region of Germany

小城镇建设是我国新型城镇化的重要研究课题之一,而德国城镇体系发展均衡,小城镇数量众多、吸引力强,其经验值得研究。本文以德国人口普查数据和联邦就业调查局数据为基础,借助就业产业空间关系、就业年龄空间关系和就业通勤空间关系分析方法,对慕尼黑大都市区小城镇进行了研究。研究发现,德国小城镇依托协作的产业集群、便捷的区域交通和宜居的空间品质,在促进区域就业平衡中发挥了重要作用:依附型小城镇承担了大城市的部分产业转移,一定程度缓解了大城市的就业压力;网络型小城镇形成了分工协作的产业集群,对中年人口有较为显著的吸引力;独立型小城镇依托资源形成特色产业,是乡村地区的就业中心。

The study of small cities is one of the important topics of new urbanization in China.Germany has a balanced urban system composed of numerous attractive small towns which is worth studying. This paper takes Mumch Metropolitan Region as a case to explore the employment spatial relationship of small cities in Germany from three aspects of industry,age and commuting,aims at knowing how small cities attract people to live and work.The study analizes the statistic of Census 2011and Federal Agency for Employment and finds out that small cities in Germany have contributed to the balance of regional employment relying on collaborative industrial clusters,convenient regional traffic and livable spatial quality.Agglomerated small cities have undertook part of the industrial transfer from core cities and alleviated the pressure of employment in core cities.Networked small cities have a significant attraction to the middle-aged employees and have formed cooperative industrial dusters.Isolated small cities have relied on local resources to form a characteristic industry and absorb a large number of rural surplus labor.