视频游戏对认知能力的影响及其神经基础

The Influence of Video Games on Cognitive Abilities and its Neural Basis

视频游戏是一类需要借助视听设备并基于一定剧情进行操作的游戏。先前研究大多关注暴力视频游戏对攻击等负面行为的影响,但本文着重探讨视频游戏对个体认知能力的积极影响及内在神经基础,以辩证看待视频游戏对个体心理和行为的作用。本文对前人研究归纳梳理发现,视频游戏训练能使个体认知能力得到持久改善,同时论述了视频游戏中脑神经基础和奖赏预期对认知能力的调控作用。未来研究应在规范视频游戏训练技术的基础上,用其干预靶脑区以提升个体特定脑功能。

Video game is a game that we play with an audio-visual apparatus and which can be based on a story. Most of the previous studies focus on the impact of violent video games on individuals’ negative behavior, such as aggression and violence. This article however, explores the relationship between video game training and cognitive abilities, in view of attention, memory, executive control in cognitive activities, so that the public looks at the impact of video games on individual psychology and behavior dialectically. It is worth noting that video game training has its own advantages. On the one hand, because video games are interesting, challenging and attractive, the motivation that individuals participate in video game training is significantly higher than other cognitive training. On the other hand, the transfer effect of video game training is better than that of other cognitive training. Therefore, researchers have taken video games as the focus of research. This article discussed the influence of video games on cognitive abilities and its neural basis from the perspective of behavioral and cognitive neuroscience.After analyzing previous studies, we found that video game training could improve individual cognitive abilities, such as attention, memory, executive control, and it could also significantly change the structure and function of the brain region, such as prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex and hippocampus. The changes of these brain areas are the important neural basis where video game training enhances cognitive abilities. In addition, according to previous studies and the features of video games, we constructed a model of the neural basis of video game training enhancing cognitive abilities, so that we could illustrate the regulatory role of neural basis and reward expectation on cognitive abilities in video game.Although the research on video game training has made some progress, there are still some problems to be further explored over the course of the study. At present, researchers usually divide video games into action video games and non-action video games. However, it is not clear what the specific basis of the classification is. Furthermore, it needs to further explore whether different types of video games have different effects on the structure and function of the brain. Additionally, how long the training effect of video game will be kept needs to be further studied. At last, the scope of research objects needs to be further expanded, and researchers should pay special attention to the adolescents. Therefore, future research should determine video game genres for specific cognitive ability, focus on the lasting effect of training, and expand the scope of research objects. Researchers need to develop a standardized video game training standard. Based on the standardization of training processes, future research should focus on target brain regions affected by video games and apply video game training to enhance specific brain functions.