认知视角下的日本学校儿童安全技能训练——以防灾技能为例

Safety Training for Children in Japanese Schools from a Cognitive Perspective——Based on the disaster prevention

儿童获得安全技能需要经过大量的反复的练习。练习方式上,在采用固定练习模式的同时要注意增加练习的变异性以及进行综合演练。日本学校儿童安全技能训练较为符合儿童技能习得规律,如为幼儿园的儿童提供示范并用比喻的方式将所有安全动作技能以相关的动物进行命名,为经过多次固定练习的小学阶段儿童提供特定场景指导和演练以提高其安全技能的应用能力等。

To acquire safety skills, children need to practice repeatedly and substantially, during which we need to increase the variability and drill in full scale as well as applying invariant practice. In Japanese schools, the safety training conforms to the perspective of the process and cognitive characteristics of how children acquire abilities. Children in kindergarten are provided with demonstrations and name every action with metaphors, while children in primary school require guidance under certain circumstances and full-scale drilling to improve their ability of applying the skills.