一体化综合减灾智能服务顶层设计研究

Top-Level Design Study for the Integrated Disaster Reduction Intelligent Service

现代空间信息技术可为防灾减灾提供数据资源、定位基准、基础框架和关键技术等支撑。目前中国减灾服务重决策轻预警,减灾服务技术、系统、应用集成不够,尚缺乏统一的认识与整体性的顶层设计指导框架。回归减灾服务本质,从测绘地理信息视角提出并阐释了一体化综合减灾智能服务的概念及内涵;考虑防灾减灾服务需求,设计了由感知层、技术层、系统层和应用层等构成的一体化综合减灾智能服务总体架构;重点阐述了减灾服务智能、综合、一体、精准、快速和高新等方面的思考,分析了一体化综合减灾智能服务的支撑技术;介绍了一体化综合减灾智能服务原型系统,以解决灾害事件、各种承灾体、孕灾环境等应急信息的一体化感知、定位、融合与综合场景模拟,以及知识化减灾服务等技术难题。

Geo-spatial information technology can provide data resources, positioning benchmarks, basic framework and key technologies for disaster prevention and reduction. At present, there are some problems in Chinese disaster reduction services. Too much emphasis is placed on decision-ma-king and not on early warning. In addition, the technology, system and application integration of di-saster reduction services is not enough. There is still a lack of a unified understanding and a holistic top-level design guidance framework of disaster reduction services. In order to solve these technical problems of integrated perception, location, integration and comprehensive scene simulation of emergency information such as disaster events, various disaster-bearing bodies, the disaster-pregnant environment, and knowledgeable disaster reduction services, this paper returns to the nature of disaster reduction services, puts forward and explains the concept, connotation and characteristics of the integrated disaster reduction intelligent services from the perspective of surveying, mapping and geoinformation. Besides, an integrated disaster mitigation intelligence services architecture is designed with the consideration of the demand for disaster prevention and reduction services. This enterprise architecture is composed of the perception layer, the technology layer, the system layer and the application layer. Then, this paper forms the intelligence, totalization, integration, accurate, rapid and novelty thinking of disaster reduction services. Finally, the supporting technologies of disaster reduction ser-vices are presented and the comprehensive disaster reduction system is introduced. The proposed top-level design for the integrated disaster reduction intelligent services can solve the integrated perception, positioning, integration and simulation of the scene, and intellectualized disaster reduction ser-vices and other technical problems.