改革开放40年我国产业技术政策回顾与创新

Retrospect and Innovation of China's Industrial Technology Policy over Past Four Decades of Reform and Opening-Up

改革开放40年,我国产业技术体系日益完善,产业技术水平不断提升,这与国家分阶段、分重点实施了适合的产业技术政策分不开。随着市场激励不断强化与政府作用持续改善,我国产业技术政策思路逐渐由"技术引进"向"自主创新"演进。政策类别由"政府主导"向"市场导向"演进,与世界科技领先国家相比,当前我国产业层次整体偏低、核心技术匮乏、原创成果不足、关键技术自给率低,严重制约了产业转型升级与高质量发展。新时期产业技术政策创新应着手于如何形成以创新为主要引领的产业发展模式,进一步强化企业技术创新主体地位,更好发挥政府作用,加强对基础和前沿关键技术研究的支持和引导。

Over the past 40years of reform and opening -up,China's industrial technology system has been continued to improve and the industry technical level has been upgraded,which is inseparable from the industrial technology policy implemented in stage and with focal point.With the continuous improvement of market incentives and government's role,the policy ideas have gradually evolved from "technology introduction"to "independent innovation",the policy category from "government-led"to "market-oriented".Compared with the world's leading science and technology countries,China's industrial development still stays around the lower level.The core technology is missing,the original results are insufficient,and the key technology self-sufficiency rate is low,all of which seriously restrict industrial structure upgradingand high -quality development.The industrial technology policy innovation in new period should pay attention to how to form the industry development mode mainly led by innovation, further strengthenenterprises'main position in technological innovation,consummate the functions of government and strengthen government support and guidance to the basic researchand core -key technology research.