体育赛事网络同步转播的司法困境与应对之策——以“新浪网诉凤凰网著作权侵权及不正当竞争”案二审为例

Judicial Dilemma of Synchronous Rebroadcast of Sport Events on the Internet and the Countermeasures:Taking Sina v. Phoenix New Media as an Example

随着数字传播技术的发展,体育赛事网络同步转播纠纷日益频繁,但司法实践中存在诸多问题。为应对此类纠纷面临的司法困境,认为:体育赛事转播权是所有权利的起源,司法实践应当摒弃将其认定为契约利益的做法,改采特别立法模式创设专有财产权利。针对独创性认定标准,司法实践不应过度强调"创作高度"概念,而应采取从宽而非从严的认定标准。在体现"表现"效果的情况下,本文建议将体育赛事节目认定为视听作品,同时整合广播权和信息网络传播权创设"向公众传播权"用以填补无法规制网络同步转播的权利空白。赛事节目广播组织对赛事信号享有广播组织者权,但其中的"转播权"应当从立法层面扩张至网络环境。

With the development of digital communication technology, the disputes of online synchronous rebroadcasting of sport events are becoming more and more frequent. Quite a few problems exist in legal practice. In order to deal with the legal dilemma of such disputes, the paper holds that sport event rebroadcast right is the origin of all related rights. The judicial practice of identifying it as contractual interests should abandoned and a special legislative mode of creating a proprietary property right should be adopted. As to the identification standard for originality, the concept of "creative level" should not be overemphasized and a lenient rather than strict standard should be adopted. In the case of reflecting the effect of "performance", sport programs should be regarded as audiovisual works. Meanwhile, broadcast right and information network communication should be integrated and the "right of communication to the public" should be established so as to fill in the right gap of not being able to govern online synchronous broadcasting.Event broadcasting organizations have the right of broadcast organizer for the event signals. But the broadcasting right therein should be extended from the legislative level to the network environment.