我国极地航运能力建设和高冰级船队发展对策分析

BUILDING POLAR SHIPPING CAPACITY AND DEVELOPING A HIGH ICE CLASS FLOTILLA IN CHINA

我国在南极和北极的活动日益增多,参与南北极事务和争取极地资源的利用已经成为国家未来向外扩展的重要举措之一。随着气候变暖,极地冰融速度加快,尤其是北极航运窗口期越来越长,两极资源利用和科考活动的需求量越来越大。而目前我国用于航行两极,尤其是北极的高冰级商业化船队十分缺乏,航运的陆基支持保障能力缺少,这将严重影响我国极地事业和商业航运运营的发展。本文通过对不同冰级船舶的保有量、建造技术能力、船舶运营和极地港口设施等各环节的分析,得出我国缺乏带较高等级冰级符号且可抗浮冰厚度1m及以上的极地航行船舶、相应极地航运能力不足的结论,并提出了我国建设极地航运能力的对策建议,为我国建设一支能在极地航行且带较高等级冰级符号船舶的船队、破冰船队以及建设极地陆基航运支持保障能力等提供决策参考。

The activities of our country in the Antarctic and the Arctic are increasing day by day.Participation in the affairs of the Antarctic and the Arctic,and striving for the use of polar resources has become important measures for the future development of our country.Climate change is accelerating the melting of polar ice so that the time window for navigation in polar regions is getting longer and louger,especially in the Arctic Ocean,and activities demanding the utilization of polar resources and scientific research are increasing. However,at present,the quantity of merchant vessels of high ice classes that can be used in polar navigation is not sufficient,especially in the Arctic,and there is shortage in land-based support ability to support the development of our country's polar industry and commercial shipping operations.On the basis of a global analysis,this paper concludes that our country is deficient in the number of vessels with high ice classes, weak at technical capacity in constructing ice class vessels,and lack of facilities of polar ports.It puts for- ward some strategic suggestions for building the capacity of polar shipping in China,providing a reference for the construction of our country's high ice class flotilla,icebreaker team and polar land-based shipping support.