制度扭曲与经济增长:改革开放40年中国经济增长逻辑的再考察

Institutional Distortion and Economic Growth: Rethinking on the Logic of China's Economic Growth in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up

改革开放40年来中国经济增长取得前所未有的经济发展成就,同时也存在诸多的问题和缺陷,该文提出:中国经济发展初期的动力是技术模仿为核心的全要素生产率来源,为了更好进行技术模仿,中央政府和地方政府构建了大量扭曲性经济制度,改变要素价格导向,促进技术模仿,推动经济高速增长;经济发展进入中期后,经济增长动力转变为技术创新为核心的全要素生产率来源,但扭曲性经济制度具有很强粘性,产生许多不合宜的经济结果。我们将中国经济发展初期技术模仿路径区分为"简单劳动密集型"和"资本密集型";相应的经济制度构建包括劳动力市场"去管制化"和"农民工制度",政府信誉注入银行体系和地方政府干预等;技术模仿导向经济制度构建促成了"中国增长奇迹"。但随内外部经济环境变化,经济发展早期构建的经济制度开始产生负面经济增长效应,供给体系质量提升亟待清理扭曲性经济制度。

After 40 years of reform and opening up,China has achieved unprecedented economic development achievements,and there are many problems and defects. What is the logic of the formation of this ? This article puts forward that the impetus of China’s early economic development is technology imitation. In order to better imitate the technology,the government have constructed a large number of distorting economic systems. However,after the middle period of economic development,the power of economic growth has changed into technological innovation,but the distorting economic system has a strong stickiness and produces many undesirable economic results. We divide the initial technology imitation path into " simple labor intensive" and " capital intensive"; the corresponding economic system construction includes " deregulation" and " peasant worker system",and the government reputation injectioning into the banking system and the local government. The construction has contributed to the " miracle of China’s growth". However,with the change of the internal and external economic environment,the economic system of early economic development begins to produce negative economic growth effect so that distorting economic system needs to be changed desperately.