中国葡萄二次结果技术研究进展

Research Progress of the Second Fruiting of Grape in China

葡萄具有适应性强、早果丰产、花芽超节位分化和一年多次结果等习性。笔者详细归纳了葡萄一年两收的生理生化基础,及温度、修剪、药剂、栽培管理措施等在葡萄二次果生产上的作用,以及二次果生产对产量和果实品质的影响;分析指出花芽分化是葡萄二次结果的基础,掌握花芽分化的关键时期和诱导花芽分化萌发的方式与节位,对发展葡萄二次结果技术至关重要。然而由于对葡萄二次果形成的机理机制研究较少,仍存在对植物体内激素调节及相应基因表达情况不清楚、打破葡萄冬芽休眠有效措施的研究不深入、不同地区栽培关键技术仍需完善等问题。针对当前研究现状,笔者建议应结合气候条件、品种特性等深入研究葡萄二次结果的生理生化机理机制;重视修剪及药剂等在冬芽破眠中的作用,尽快找到简便易行无害的催芽方法;加快引进或选育更多花芽分化好、品质优良的葡萄品种,为生产实践提供更多选择;对于试验成功的葡萄品种及其栽培管理模式应先小面积示范,技术掌握成熟后再大规模推广应用。

Grapes have strong adaptability, early fruit yield, flower bud super node differentiation and manytimes fruiting a year. In this paper, the physiological and biochemical basis of double harvest of grape in a year,the effects of temperature, pruning, medicaments and cultivation measures on the secondary fruit production ofgrape and the effects of the secondary fruit production on the yield and fruit quality were summarized in detail.The way and node of inducing flower bud differentiation and germination are very important for developing thegrape second fruiting technology. However, due to the lack of research on the mechanism of grape secondaryfruit formation, there are still some problems such as unclear hormone regulation and corresponding geneexpression in plants, insufficient in-depth study on effective measures to break the dormancy of grape winterbuds, and the key cultivation techniques in different regions still need to be improved. In view of the currentresearch situation, the authors suggest that the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the second fruitingof grape should be studied in combination with climatic conditions and variety characteristics, the role ofpruning and medicines in breaking dormancy of winter buds should be emphasized, and a simple and harmlessgermination method should be found as soon as possible, and more flower buds with good differentiation andgood quality should be introduced or bred. For the successful grape varieties and their cultivation and management mode, small-area demonstration should be carried out before large-scale popularization andapplication.