牛粪和秸秆好氧发酵堆肥的初始条件研究

Study on aerobic composting of cow dung and straw under different initial conditions

为了研究堆肥混合物料不同初始含水率、C/N值和秸秆粉碎尺寸等因素对牛粪好氧堆肥的影响,找出各因素的最佳配比参数,以期能够科学有效地指导畜禽养殖场或有机肥生产厂家开展牛粪、秸秆的资源化再利用。提出了以新鲜牛粪和小麦秸秆为堆肥原料和辅料,在添加微生物发酵菌剂的基础上,对上述3因素进行人工调控,并设计分组对比试验,依据相关标准从堆体温度、全养分(N、P_2O_5、K_2O)等指标进行验证。结果表明:试验过程中,各组发酵温度≥45℃以上的时间均大于14 d,满足NY/T 1168—2006 《畜禽粪便无害化处理技术规范》的安全卫生要求;在牛粪好氧发酵堆肥时,添加粉碎后的小麦秸秆不仅能够良好的调节水分、C/N,还能作为结构调理剂,增加混合堆体的粒度和孔隙率。试验结果表明,堆体初始含水率在60%左右,C/N在30∶1左右,小麦秸秆粉碎尺寸≤1 cm的条件下堆肥效果最佳。

The influence of the composting mixture in different initial moisture content,C/N and straw crushing size on cattle manure aerobic composting were studied to find out the best ratio of parameters,and direct poultry farms and organic fertilizer manufacturers carry out re-utilization of cattle manure and straw scientifically and effectively.Fresh cow manure and wheat straw were taken as raw materials in composting.On the basis of adding microbial culture,an experiment was conducted to verify the indicators of pile temperature and total nutrient (N,P2O5,K2O).The conclusion shows that:(1)The period of every group's fermentation temperature ≥45℃ were more than 14d,which accords with the safety and hygiene requirements in NY/T 1168--2006 "Technical requirement for non-hazardous treatment of animal manure";(2)When the crushed wheat straw was added in the fermented cow manure,the moisture content and C/N can be regulated,and the particle size and porosity of the pile are increased.The experimental results show that when the initial moisture content is about 60%,C/N is about 30:1,and wheat straw size ≤1cm,it is the best condition to fermented manure.