生态环境制度的经济学分析与强化方向

Economic Analysis of Ecological and Environmental Systems and Directions of Enhancement

生态环境问题既有技术根源,又有制度根源。即使在完美市场经济条件下,环境资源的优化配置也无法自动实现,政府环境政策的补救和干预必不可少。然而,环境政策与其他政府干预相比具有独特性和复杂性;应该更加注重"费用/效果"的优化。环境经济学的分析表明,环境政策的干预必需讲求代价,降低社会成本,否则不能说明干预是成功的,甚至是政府失灵的一种表现。生态环境制度需要科学全面地加强。政府的环境政策应该具有规定包括全部社会价值的市场价格的意义。生态环境制度应该体现包括配置效率和动态效率在内的效率优化。要积极完善环境保护领域的市场机制,透过市场机制来配置资源,推进环境资源管理和发展走向市场化。这是深化体制机制改革的重要方面。

The root causes of ecological and environmental problems lie in both technologies and systems.Real processes in the market economy cannot automatically lead to optimal allocation of environmental economic resources in the social sense and require government intervention, i.e. environmental policies, for remediation. However, government intervention is not only an absolute idea of whether certain policy effect can be achieved, but also a relative idea of "cost-effect" optimization. If we achieve a certain goal of intervention at any cost, the excessively high cost imposed on the society is by no means a sign of our success.The asymmetry between the quantity and quality of government intervention, or the asymmetry between the result of public intervention and the cost burden brought to the society, is a manifestation of government failure. Environmental protection systems should be scientifically and fully enhanced. The government’s environmental policies should prescribe market prices including the entire social value. Environmental protection systems should reflect optimization of efficiency, including allocation efficiency and dynamic efficiency. We should actively improve market mechanisms in the field of environmental protection, allocate resources through market mechanisms and promote market-based management and development of environmental resources. This is an important aspect of deepening system and mechanism reform.