西兰花籽油超临界CO_2萃取工艺及脂肪酸组成分析

Supercritical CO_2 extraction of broccoli seed oil and its fatty acid composition

以西兰花籽为原料,采用超临界CO_2萃取西兰花籽油。通过单因素实验考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、CO_2流量、萃取时间和粉碎粒度对西兰花籽油出油率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验优化并确定了超临界CO_2萃取西兰花籽油的最佳工艺,并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析西兰花籽油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:超临界CO_2萃取西兰花籽油的最佳工艺条件为粉碎粒度40目、萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间4 h、CO_2流量7 BV/h。在最佳工艺条件下,西兰花籽出油率为24.03%。西兰花籽油脂肪酸组成主要为芥酸(58.26%)、油酸(23.76%)、亚油酸(8.99%)、棕榈酸(3.56%),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为92.36%。

Using broccoli seed as raw material,supercritical CO2 was used to extract broccoli seed oil.The effects of extraction pressure,extraction temperature,CO2 flow rate,extraction time and grinding particle size on the yield of broccoli seed oil were investigated by single factor experiment. Based on this,the supercritical CO2 extraction conditions of broccoli seed oil were optimized and determined by orthogonal experiment. The fatty acid composition of broccoli seed oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS). The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of broccoli seed oil were obtained as follows: grinding particle size 40 meshes,extraction pressure 30 MPa,extraction temperature 50 ℃,extraction time 4 h and CO2 flow rate 7 BV/h. Under these conditions,the yield of broccoli seed oil was 24. 03%. The main fatty acids of broccoli seed oil were erucic acid( 58. 26%),oleic acid( 23. 76%),linoleic acid( 8. 99%) and palmitic acid( 3. 56%),in which the content of unsaturated fatty acids reached 92. 36%.