不同产地瓜蒌籽油组分分析

Components of seed oil of Trichosanthes kirilowii from different regions

对安徽、河南、山东3个产地的瓜蒌籽油的基本理化指标、脂肪酸组成、甘油酯组成、甘三酯组成及微量组分进行了对比。结果表明:3个产地的瓜蒌籽油均呈深绿色,瓜蒌籽油中的组分主要是甘三酯,主要脂肪酸组成为油酸(17. 13%～26. 17%)、亚油酸(35. 83%～37. 91%)、瓜蒌酸(22. 57%～37. 47%),不饱和脂肪酸含量达93%以上;河南瓜蒌籽油中瓜蒌酸含量最高,达37. 47%;瓜蒌籽油sn-2位脂肪酸主要是亚油酸和油酸,瓜蒌酸主要分布在甘三酯sn-1,3位上;3个产地的瓜蒌籽油甘三酯组成主要为β-Tc LO、β-TcLL、β-TcLTc; 3个产地的瓜蒌籽油中生育酚总量在415. 71～486. 59 mg/kg,其中γ-生育酚含量最高(67%～74%),其次是α-生育酚(25%～33%); 3个产地的瓜蒌籽油中有5种植物甾醇,总含量在0. 19%～0. 28%。

The basic physicochemical indexes,fatty acid composition,glyceride composition,triglyceride composition and trace components of the seed oils of Trichosanthes kirilowii( TKO) from Anhui,Henan and Shandong were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the TKO from the three regions showed a dark green color. Triglycerides was main components in TKO. TKO was rich in oleic acid( 17. 13%-26. 17%),linoleic acid( 35. 83%-37. 91%) and trichosanic acid( 22. 57%-37. 47%),and the content of unsaturated fatty acids reached above 93%. The content of trichosanic acid in TKO from Henan was the highest( 37. 47%). The fatty acids at sn-2 position were mainly linoleic acid and oleic acid,and trichosanic acid was mainly distributed at sn-1,3 position. The principal components of triglyceride in TKO from three regions were β-TcLO,β-TcLL and β-TcLTc. The total content of tocopherols in TKO from three regions was 415. 71-486. 59 mg/kg,in which the content ofγ-tocopherol( 67%-74%) was the highest,followed by α-tocopherol( 25%-33%). Five kinds of sterols were detected from TKO,and the total content of sterols was 0. 19%-0. 28%.