水产养殖常规管理活动对农药氰戊菊酯及其顺反异构体消除规律影响的研究

Effects of Routine Aquaculture Management on Elimination Rule of Fenvalerate and Its Cis-trans Isomers

作为对水生生物高毒的杀虫剂,氰戊菊酯(Fenvalerate,FV)在水产养殖环境中的残留将会危及到养殖生物的安全。本研究选用过碳酸钠和次氯酸钠作为添加药物,探究了水产养殖常规管理活动中的药品添加对FV消除规律的影响,并借助气象色谱仪的检测结果分析了在两种药物的不同添加水平条件下FV的消除规律。研究结果发现:30 mg/L过碳酸钠和40 mg/L次氯酸钠的添加对FV及其顺反异构体(反式异构体FV1和顺式异构体FV2)的消除产生显著效果,FV消除半衰期范围为2.87～10.85天,FV1的半衰期为2.88～12.55天,FV2的半衰期为2.83～9.56天。通过相应指标均值分布及相关性分析发现,FV的消除变化与高浓度的过碳酸钠和次氯酸钠对水体p H值的影响有关。过碳酸钠主要通过提高水体pH值和自身的氧化作用来消除水体中残留的FV,次氯酸钠在养殖水体中主要通过提高水体pH值水解环境中的FV。在实际生产中,可以利用高浓度的过碳酸钠和次氯酸钠消除养殖水体中FV的残留,但是需要根据养殖对象及水体环境条件确定合适的添加水平。在FV消除规律方面,两类药物的添加并没有对FV顺反异构体的消除带来显著差异,FV顺反异构体消除差异的影响因素有待进一步明确。本研究明确了水产养殖常规管理活动对FV消除的促进作用,为养殖环境中FV的安全使用和残留消除提供理论指导。

Fenvalerate(FV), as a highly toxic pesticide for aquatic organisms, can endanger the safety of cultured organisms by its residues in the aquaculture environment. In this study, sodium percarbonate andsodium hypochlorite were selected as the drugs added to water body, and the adding drug effect on theelimination rule of FV in routine aquaculture management was explored. And the elimination rule of FV underdifferent adding levels of the two drugs was analyzed with the help of gas chromatograph. The results showedthat adding 30 mg/L sodium percarbonate and 40 mg/L sodium hypochlorite had significant effect on theelimination of FV and its cis-trans isomers(trans isomer FV1 and cis-isomer FV2), and the elimination half-life of FV ranged from 2.87 to 10.85 d, that of FV1 was 2.88-12.55 d, that of FV2 was 2.83-9.56 d. The resultsof mean distribution and correlation analysis of the corresponding indicators found that the elimination of FVwas related to the effect of high concentrations of sodium percarbonate and sodium hypochlorite on the pHvalue of the water body. Sodium percarbonate mainly eliminated the residual FV in water by increasing the pHvalue of the water and its own oxidation. Sodium hypochlorite was mainly used to hydrolyze FV in aquaculturewater by increasing the pH value of the water. In actual production, high concentrations of sodium percarbonateand sodium hypochlorite could be used to eliminate residues of FV in the aquaculture water, but theappropriate adding level should be determined according to the culture object and the environmental conditionof the water body. In terms of the elimination of FV, the addition of the two types of drugs did not bring about asignificant difference in the elimination of the cis-trans isomers of FV, and the factors influencing theelimination of the cis-trans isomers of FV remained to be further clarified. This study clarifies the promotioneffect of routine aquaculture management on the elimination of FV and provides guidance for the safe use and elimination of FV in aquaculture environment.