抗稻瘟病杂交稻‘谷优168’的选育及产量结构分析

Breeding and Yield Structure Analysis of Blast-resistant Hybrid Rice 'Guyou 168'

为了选育抗稻瘟病杂交稻品种,揭示其高产结构特征,以福建省农业科学院水稻研究所选育的抗稻瘟病三系不育系‘谷丰A’为母本,以自选恢复系‘六恢168’为父本,配组育成高产、抗稻瘟病的杂交稻新品种‘谷优168’。根据‘谷优168’参加国家武陵山区区试结果,分析其生物学特性,进行产量及产量构成因素间的相关分析和通径分析。结果表明‘谷优168’高产、抗稻瘟病,感纹枯病,中感稻曲病,耐冷性强。产量结构分析,每公顷穗数对产量的贡献率为34.2%,每穗粒数为27.3%,千粒重为18.4%,结实率为17.5%。每公顷穗数和每穗粒数对每公顷总粒数的贡献率分别为30.6%和69.2%。每公顷总粒数对库容量的贡献率为92.9%,千粒重的贡献率为6.9%。库容量对稻谷产量的贡献率为79.5%,结实率的贡献率为17.5%。‘谷优168’高产的关键是在足穗的基础上培育大穗,增加单位面积的总粒数,扩大库容量,并以提高结实率为保证。

The aims are to breed new blast-resistant hybrid rice varieties and to reveal their structural characteristics of high yield.A new hybrid rice variety "Guyou 168"with high yield and blast resistance was bred by crossing ‘Gufeng A’(female parent,three-line sterile line bred by Rice Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science)and ‘Liuhui 168’(male parent,restoring line).By the plot trial of ‘Guyou 168’in Wulin mountainous region,Hunan Province,its biological characteristics were analyzed.The correlation analysis and path analysis between yield and component factors of yield were conducted.The results showed that ‘Guyou 168’had the characteristics of high yield,blast resistance,susceptibility to sheath blight,medium-susceptibility to false smut as well as strong cold resistance.The analysis of yield structure indicated that the contribution of spike number per hectare to yield amounted to 34.2%,while that of grain number per spike,1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate was 27.3%,18.4% and 17.5% respectively.The contributions of spike number per hectare and grain number per spike to total grain number per hectare came up to 30.6% and 69.2% respectively.The contribution of total grain number per hectare to sink capacity reached 92.9% while that of 1000-grain weight was 6.9%.The contribution of sink capacity to rice yield was 79.5%while that of seed-setting rate was 17.5%.The keys to high yield of ‘Guyou 168’are cultivating large spikes,increasing the total grain numbers per unit area and enlarging sink capacity based on the full spikes,as well as improving the seed-setting rate as the guarantee.