施肥对马铃薯淀粉废水灌溉农田的培肥效应

Soil Fertility Effect of Fertilization on Field Irrigated by Potato Starch Wastewater

为解决宁南山区马铃薯淀粉加工废水还田的施肥技术难题,以3年灌溉马铃薯加工淀粉废水农田土壤为对象,以青贮玉米为供试作物,利用田间试验探讨了不同施肥处理对马铃薯淀粉废水灌溉农田的土壤培肥效应和作物产量效应。结果表明,与对照不施肥相比,增施化肥或生物有机肥以及化肥与生物有机肥配施均对青贮玉米产量无显著影响。增施生物有机肥提高了0～20 cm土壤有机质、速效钾含量,20～40 cm土壤速效磷含量增加了1倍左右,同时也增加了0～60 cm剖面土壤碱解氮和全磷累积量,形成了40～60 cm土壤速效钾富集区。减施30%化肥配施生物有机肥(30%HF+WF)处理可显著提高0～60 cm剖面土壤全氮含量;各施肥处理之间0～60 cm剖面土壤全钾含量无显著差异。因此,在3年灌溉马铃薯加工淀粉废水农田土壤条件下种植青贮玉米,不施任何肥料能保证作物产量,但适量增施生物有机肥对土壤培肥和产量效应更好。

To solve the technical problems of fertilization on field with potato starch wastewater irrigation in southern mountainous region of Ningxia,taking farmland irrigated with potato processing starch wastewater for three years as the object and silage corn as the experimental crop,we explored the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil fertility and crop yield.The results indicated that:compared with the control (no fertilizer),there was no significant difference of silage corn yield under the application of chemical fertilizers, bio-organic fertilizers or combined application of chemical and bio-organic fertilizers;the application of bio-organic fertilizer could increase the content of soil organic matter and available potassium in 0-20 cm, approximately doubled the content of available phosphorus in 20-40 cm soil,and increased the alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen and total phosphorus accumulation in 0-60 cm soil,and formed available potassium enrichment zone in 40-60cm soil;the total nitrogen content in 0-60 cm soil significantly increased under the treatment of chemical fertilizer reduction by 30%combined bio-organic fertilizer (30%HF+WF),however, there was no significant difference of total potassium content in 0-60 cm.Therefore,crop yield could be guaranteed under no fertilizer when silage corns are planted in farmland irrigated with potato processing starch wastewater for three years,but the improvement effects of soil fertility and yield could be better by applying suitable bio-organic fertilizer.