陇南山区核桃生态气候适宜性区划研究

Walnut in Longnan Mountain Area: Regionalization of Ecological Climate Suitability

通过对陇南山区2012—2015年核桃全生育期的气象和植物学特性的系统观测资料对比分析,得出核桃生长关键时段以及对其生长影响相关性最大的气象因子为年平均气温、年降水量、4月平均最低气温和7月平均气温,以此建立了更加切合陇南山区实际的核桃生态气候适宜性区划指标体系,并基于GIS技术制作出精细化核桃种植气候适宜性区划图。结果表明:陇南市康县、成县大部和徽县中南部、武都南部及白龙江流域、文县南部及白水江流域等地海拔1000～1600 m的平川、浅山、丘陵、深山地带为核桃最适宜种植区;康县、成县和徽县北部、礼县、西和中南部、两当县大部、宕昌中部、武都中部及白龙江流域、文县中部及白水江流域等地海拔900～1000 m和1600～1800 m的谷地及半山区为核桃适宜种植区。研究结果为指导陇南山区科学规划、合理布局、充分利用气候资源发展核桃产业,预防和减轻气象灾害损失提供了科学依据。

By comparing and analyzing the observed data of meteorological and botanical characteristics during the whole growth period of walnut in Longnan mountainous areas from 2012 to 2015, we found thecritical period of walnut growth, and the meteorological factors that had the most significant correlation with thegrowth of walnut, including the annual mean temperature, the annual precipitation, the average minimumtemperature in April and the average temperature in July, based on which, we set up a zoning indexe systemmore suitable for the practical ecological climate suitability of walnut in Longnan mountainous areas, and madea zoning map of climate suitability for fine walnut planting based on GIS. The results showed that: the mostsuitable planting areas for walnut in Longnan were plains, shallow mountains, hills, mountains at the altituderanging from 1000 m to 1600 m in Kangxian, most regions of Chengxian, central and southern Huixian,southern Wudu, Bailongjiang river basin, southern Wenxian and regions along Baishuijiang river; and thesuitable areas for walnut planting were valleys at 900-1000 m altitude and semi-mountainous areas at 1600-1800 m altitude in Kangxian, Chengxian and northern Huixian, Lixian, central and southern Xihe, most partsof Liangdang, certral Tanchang, central Wudu, Bailongjiang river basin, central Wenxian, Baishuijiang riverbasin and other places. The results provide a basis for guiding the scientific planning, rational distribution, andmaking full use of climate resources, thus to develop walnut industry, and prevent and mitigate the loss of meteorological disasters in Longnan mountainous area.