不同砧穗组合对红肉蜜柚树体和果实品质的影响

Effect of Different Scion/Rootstock Combinations on Tree Growth and Fruit Quality of Red-flesh Sweet Pomelo

为研究张家界地区不同砧木类型对红肉蜜柚树体和果实品质的影响,以2种砧木和4种中间砧类型的红肉蜜柚为试材,对植株生长势、果实内在和外在品质进行测定和比较。结果表明,不同砧穗组合红肉蜜柚植株生长势表现出较大差异,其中酸柚砧和菊花芯柚中间砧组合株高最高,温州蜜柑中间砧组合株高最低;酸柚砧亲和性较好,枳砧亲和性较差,存在明显"大脚"现象;椪柑中间砧的接穗粗度明显大于中间砧,其他组合均略小。不同砧穗组合对红肉蜜柚果实品质有明显影响。外在品质方面,酸柚砧和椪柑、菊花芯柚中间砧组合果实体积明显大,单果重也明显高;果实中心柱大小与果实大小有较高相关性;砧穗组合类型对果形指数影响不大。内在品质方面,椪柑中间砧组合果实可溶性固形物含量明显低,而酸柚砧和菊花芯柚中间砧组合果实可滴定酸含量明显高于其他组合。以酸柚为砧木,树势旺盛、果实体积大、单果重更高,虽然可滴定酸稍高,但是可溶性固形物含量也不低,同时不存在与接穗品种不亲和的现象,所以酸柚的综合表现比较均衡,是目前比较适合用作红肉蜜柚砧木的类型。本研究为张家界地区发展红肉蜜柚产业,提高产量、改善品质提供了参考。

The paper studies the influence of rootstock on horticulture anti pamology cnaracterlsucs of red-flesh sweet pomelo,especially on scion varieties,growth,yield,fruit size,fruit quality and resistance,which directly decide the economic benefits of orchard.Taking 6-year-old red-flesh sweet pomelo trees with trifoliate orange and sour pomelo as stock,4-year-old trees with trifoliate orange as the base stock,and navel orange,pokan,Satsuma orange,‘Juhuaxinyou'as the inter stock,we find that rootstocks and inter-stocks have significant effects on plant growth,fruit internal and external quality.The red-flesh sweet pomelo grafted on sour pomelo and top grafted on ‘Juhuaxinyou'showed higher vegetative growth parameters (canopy height and diameter),and that top grafted on mandarin orange showed the lowest.The trees had stronger affinity with sour pomelo than trifoliate orange,which showed 'bigfoot'.The scion girth of ponkan was obviously bigger than that of the inter-stock,and that of other combinations was smaller.To external quality,red-flesh sweet pomelo grafted on sour pomelo and top grafted on ponkan and 'Juhuaxinyou'as inter stock had larger vertical and transverse diameter and high single fruit weight.There was a significant relationship between fruit size and central axis.The types of scion/rootstock combination had little effect on fruit shape index.For internal quality, the fruits obtained from ponkan inter-stocks had lower soluble solid content,while the fruits obtained from sour pomelo rootstocks and ‘Juhuaxinyou'inter-stocks had apparently higher titratable acid content than other combinations.Using sour pomelo as rootstock,the plants have strong and vigorous growth,big and heavy fruits,slightly high TA but acceptable TSS,and there is no incompatible phenomenon with scion.So,sour pomelo has relatively balanced comprehensive behavior,and is the suitable rootstock for red-flesh sweet pomelo.