水源地生态敏感区农产品生态补偿标准及农户受偿意愿调查——以西峡县猕猴桃生产为例

Ecological Compensation Standard for Agricultural Products and Farmers' Willingness to Accept in Water Conservation Area: A Case Study on Kiwifruit Production in Xixia County

绿色生产方式对维护生态敏感区生态安全具有重要作用。本研究从生态、经济、环境和社会4个维度,建立了生态补偿标准综合测算指标体系(包括生态系统服务价值、环境成本和额外成本),通过问卷调研方法调查西峡县2015年绿色及常规猕猴桃种植情况,并计算出绿色猕猴桃种植的生态补偿标准值。在此基础上,采用条件价值评估法对当地猕猴桃种植户(使用50%的化肥农药和完全不用化肥农药)的受偿意愿值进行估算。以上2种方法得出的计算结果表明,当地猕猴桃种植户对减少化肥和减少农药的绿色种植方式的受偿意愿值为16524元/(hm^2·a),小于绿色猕猴桃种植的生态补偿计量标准值24105.5元/(hm^2·a);而当地猕猴桃种植户对零化肥零农药的种植方式的受偿意愿值为28983.9元/(hm^2·a),大于绿色猕猴桃种植的生态补偿计量标准值。由此可知,种植有机猕猴桃的生产成本远高于减少化肥和减少农药施用的绿色种植模式,实现从绿色生产方式到有机生产方式的转换需要更多的资金和技术投入。

Green production plays a key role in maintaining ecological safety of ecologically sensitive areas. This study established a synthetic index system of ecological compensation standard by calculating the ecosystem service values,environmental cost and extra cost,based on the ecological,economic,environmental and social dimensions.We calculated the compensation standard of conventional and ecological kiwifruit in water conservation area of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in 2015.A face to face questionnaire investigation of the willingness to accept (WTA)was conducted focusing on the ecological compensation of kiwifruit planting with 50%fertilizer and pesticide or zero fertilizer and pesticide.Then,we compared the compensation standard values with the WTA values by contingent value method,the results showed that the WTA value with less fertilizer and less pesticide was 16524 yuan/(hm^2·a),which was much lower than the compensation standard value 24105.5yuan/(hm^2·a),while the WTA value with zero fertilizer and pesticide was28983.9yuan/(hm^2·a),which was higher than the compensation standard value.It is clear that the WTA expectation of farmers for organic planting pattern is much more than the green planting pattern.More financial and technical input should be considered to fulfill the conversion from conventional agriculture to organic agriculture.