农业措施对小麦田主要禾本科杂草出苗的影响

Effects of Agricultural Measures on Seedling of Main Gramineous Weeds in Wheat Field

为探明播种、耕作等农业措施对小麦田主要禾本科杂草出苗的影响,对西安地区小麦田主要禾本科杂草多花黑麦草、节节麦、野燕麦、日本看麦娘、假看麦娘的田间落种状态、形态特征及不同土壤深度下出苗规律进行研究。结果表明,小麦机播深度(4~5 cm)对上述5种杂草出苗均无影响;小麦撒播深度(0~1 cm)出苗时间最早,但因表层土壤湿度较差导致出苗量低;旋耕深度(10~15 cm)出苗最晚,该深度对多花黑麦草、节节麦、野燕麦的出苗量无影响,但对日本看麦娘、假看麦娘出苗影响较大,尤其对个体小、重量轻的假看麦娘影响最大;深翻深度(30~35 cm)对5种杂草种子萌发均有抑制作用。

The paper aims to explore the effects of agricultural management practices such as seeding andtillage on seedling of main gramineous weeds in wheat field. The seed of field state, morphologicalcharacteristics and the seedling emergence of Lolium multiflorum, Aegilops tauschii, Avena fatua, Alopecurusjaponicus, Phleum paniculatum from different soil depth were studied in the wheat field of Xi’an. The resultsshowed that the condition of wheat mechanical sowing depth(4-5 cm) had no effect on the seedling emergenceof the five weeds. The seedling germination time was the earliest under the condition of broadcast sowing depthfrom 0-1 cm, however the emergence rate was low due to low soil moisture. Seedling emergence was the latestunder rotary tillage condition with the sowing depth from 10-15 cm, which had no effect on L. multiflorum, A.tauschii, A. fatua, but had great effect on A. japonicus and P. paniculatum, especially for P. paniculatumindividuals with small size and light weight. The seedling emergence of the five weeds was inhibited under thedeep plough planting with the depth of 30-35 cm.