基于地理信息系统的青海省60年鼠疫流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of plague in Qinghai province based on geographic information system

目的使用地理信息系统(GIS)数据平台,分析青海省鼠疫流行病学特征及流行态势,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法利用青海省鼠疫防治CIS的空间分析功能,对1954-2017年青海省鼠疫疫源县的分布、发病情况和地理环境因素制作专题地图并进行叠加分析,按照时间和空间将动物鼠疫和人间鼠疫流行病学进行分类汇总和统计分析。结果青海省存在喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫和青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地2种类型,自1954年至今60年来,喜马拉雅旱獭自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行连年发生,人间鼠疫除14个年份未发生外,其余年份均有人间鼠疫病例报告,共发生人间鼠疫疫情198起,发病468例,死亡240例,病死率为51.28%。青海省有30个县存在动物鼠疫流行,但主要分布在海南藏族自治州兴海、同德县,海北藏族自治州祁连县,海西蒙古族藏族自治州乌兰、天峻县、德令哈、格尔木市和玉树藏族自治州玉树、称多、治多、囊谦、曲麻莱县及果洛藏族自治州的5州12个县(市、区)。鼠疫流行季节为每年的5-10月,鼠疫菌株分离高峰期为7-9月。结论 60年间青海省动物鼠疫及人间鼠疫流行自21世纪50-90年代末缓慢下降,从2000年以来至今有回升趋势。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic situation of plague in Qinghai provinceby using geographic information system(GIS) data platform to provide the basis for the formulation of prevention and controlmeasures. Methods Using the spatial analysis function of plague prevention and control geographic information system inQinghai province, the distribution, incidence and geographical factors of plague foci and the epidemiology of animal plagueor human plague in 1954-2017 were analyzed and classified according to time and space. Results There are 2 kinds ofplague(Himalaya marmot plague and Microtus fuscus plague) natural foci in Qinghai province since 1954, animal plagueepidemic has been occurring year after year, the epidemic has never been interrupted. Over the past 60 years, humanplague did not occurred in 14 years, human plague cases were reported in the remaining years. In total, 198 outbreaks ofhuman plague, 468 cases of disease, 240 cases of death, and fatality rate 51.28% were recorded. There are 30 counties inQinghai province where there is an epidemic of animal plague. The plague epidemic mainly distributes in 12 counties of 5 states, they are Xinghai and Tongde counties of Hainan state, Qilian county of Haibei state,Wulan, Tianjun, Delingha andGeermu of Haixi state, Yushu, Chenduo, Zhiduo, Nangqian, Qumalai county of Yushu state and Guoluo state. The plagueepidemic time is the May-October, the peak period of isolation of Yersinia pestis strain is from July to September.Conclusion During the past 60 years, the epidemic of animal plague and human plague in Qinghai province decreasedslowly from 1950 s to the end of the 1990 s, followed by a resurging trend since 2000.