广东省深圳市2017年褐家鼠对抗凝血杀鼠剂抗药性研究

Study on resistance of commensal rats(Rattus norvegicus) to anticoagulant rodenticides in Shenzhen

目的观察广东省深圳市褐家鼠对第一、二代抗凝血杀鼠剂的抗药性水平,为科学选择鼠类防制用药提供依据。方法于2017年7-12月使用捕鼠笼在深圳市4个区的居民区捕获褐家鼠;将杀鼠灵和溴敌隆原药分别配制成0.005%毒饵,进行无选择摄毒实验;使用WPS Excel 2016软件进行数据录入和整理,使用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计描述和统计分析。结果在检测的245只褐家鼠中,未发现有对杀鼠灵和溴敌隆产生抗性的个体。杀鼠灵的致死剂量平均为9.87 mg/kg,中毒症状出现时间平均为3.06 d,死亡时间平均为4.48 d;溴敌隆致死剂量平均为10.69 mg/kg,中毒症状出现时间平均为3.32 d,死亡时间平均为4.82 d。2种药物在不同监测点的致死剂量有较显著差别。结论目前深圳市褐家鼠对2种抗凝血杀鼠剂的抗药性处于敏感水平,但依然存在产生抗药性种群的可能性;应考虑从规范灭鼠流程、选择良好适口性药物等方面提升化学灭鼠效果。

Objective To investigate the resistance of Rattus norvegicus to first and second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in Shenzhen,provide science evidence to choose rodenticides in deratization.Methods Test rats were caught by mousetrap from residential area in 4 municipal districts of Shenzhen city in 2017.Non-selective feeding trial was used in this study,the poison bait contained 0.005% warfarin and 0.005% bromadiolone.Excel software was used for data input and collating,SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistic description and statistical analysis.Results Warfarin-and bromadiolone-resistant individuals were not detected in all 245 rodents.The average lethal dose of warfarin was 9.87 mg/kg, and the average time of poisoning symptoms appearing and death was 3.06 d and 4.48 d respectively.The average lethal dose of bromadiolone was 10.69 mg/kg,and the average time of poisoning symptoms appearing and death was 3.32 d and 4.82 d respectively.The lethal dose had significant difference between different collection sites.Conclusion Although R. norvegicus are susceptible to warfarin and bromadiolone in Shenzhen at present,the possibility of resistant development still exists.Deratization procedure normalization and well-palatability rodenticides should be considered to enhance chemical control effectiveness.