对阿普尔批判教育思想批判的回应——迈克尔·阿普尔教授访谈录

In Defense of Critical Pedagogy: An Interview of Michael W. Apple

迈克尔·阿普尔教授是批判教育研究的代表人物之一,其理论对中国的普通教育领域产生了重要影响。但也有学者对他的教育思想进行了批判,认为他的思想似乎存在"去效率化""泛政治化"和"社会宿命论"等倾向。阿普尔教授以非常诚恳的态度欢迎这些批判的声音,认为正是这种真实社会、真实人之间的对话交流创造了知识。他重申,"效率"是重要的,但它是一个有限的概念,我们需要以道德的和政治的理性形式来对"效率"进行批判;有关"社会宿命论"的评价或许是对他著作的误读,未能认识到反抗与能动性之间的矛盾关系;通过"保守主义现代化"可以更好地洞察社会变革的动力机制。他还意识到,青年学生已然成为推动社会进步的新生力量。

Critical Pedagogy,which views teaching as an inherently political act,has aroused widespread interest as well as controversy among education researchers. In this interview,Michael W. Apple( 1942-),a world-famous theorist of Critical Pedagogy,offers a response to major critiques of his theory. With regard to the critique of his theory as "inefficient"and "pan-politicalizing",Prof.Apple points out that education efficiency is an important concept but has its own limitations and should always come under scrutiny for ethical and political reasons. On the other hand,Prof. Apple contends that labeling his theory as"social determinism"is also a misinterpretation,for his critics failed to see the dialectical relationship between resistance and agency in Critical Pedagogy. Prof. Apple believes that only through"conservative modernization"can we achieve political and social reform. And he is very optimistic that younger generation would become agents of change in our future society.