罗素:伦理学和政治学下的人类社会

Human Society in Ethics and Politics

观察人类的生命可以有多种不同的方式。可以把人类视为哺乳动物的一个物种,纯粹从生物学角度加以研究。从这种视点出发,他的成功是无与伦比的。他可以生活在任何气候下,生活在世界上任何一个有水源的地区。他的数量一直在增长,现在则增长得更快了。他的成功得益于把他和其他动物区别开来的一些事物:说话,火,农业,书写,工具,还有大规模的合作。

The life of man may be viewed in many different ways. He may be viewed as one species of mammal and considered in a purely biological light. From this point of view his success has been overwhelming. He can live in all climates and in every part of the world where there is water. His numbers have increased and are increasing still faster. He owes his success to certain things which distinguish him from other animals: speech, fire, agriculture, writing, tools, and large-scale co-operation.