基于综合疏散效率的城市住区应急避难场所防灾责任分区多目标规划模型

A Multi-Objective Planning Model for Emergency Shelters Responsibility Subarea Assignment in Urban Residential Areas Based on Comprehensive Evacuation Efficiency

城市住区应急避难场所对灾时保障居民生命与财产安全极为重要。其布局与防灾责任分区是一个涉及人口分布、经济环境、疏散安全和场所本身适应性等多方面因素的复杂问题,而我国现行城市规划方案中对此往往采用简单的半径覆盖方式,这对城市住区灾时人员疏散安全带来了潜在的风险。本文针对城市住区应急避难场所防灾责任分区问题,通过对现有理论与应用研究的回顾发现,目前在该领域的研究以定性为主,量化研究存在进展缓慢,数量较少,学科交叉度不够等问题。基于已有研究,本文从综合疏散效率角度提出一个以P-中值模型理论为基础的多目标帕累托最优分区模型,该模型结合了对城市步行道路空间网络系统的图形学研究,以及对应急避难场所、疏散道路和住区人口分布的系统评价研究。最后,基于该模型并采用WebGis等技术实现了一个可视化计算的应用案例。

It is very important to protect the life and property of residents in emergency shelters in urban residential areas, Its layout and disaster prevention responsibility subarea is a distribution of population,economic environment,safety and evacuation place adaptability of various factors such as complex itself,but in the current urban planning in our country have often USES the simple way of radius of coverage,the urban residential public safety brings potential risks.This ar-ticle in view of the city residential emergency shelter disaster prevention responsibility subarea problem,through a review of the existing theory and application research,found that current research in this field is given priority to with qualitative,quantitative research is slow,the quantity is less,such problems as insufficient of interdisciplinarity.Based on existing research,combined with the team in the direction of the early stage of the progress,from point of view put forward a comprehensive evacuation efficiency on the basis of the principle of P -median model of multi-objective pareto optimal partition model,this model combines the urban road space walk network graphics research and the emergency shelter and evacuation road and residential population distribution system evaluation research.Finally,based on this model,and using WebGis and other technologiesto realize a visualization calculation application case.