摘要
城市住区应急避难场所对灾时保障居民生命与财产安全极为重要。其布局与防灾责任分区是一个涉及人口分布、经济环境、疏散安全和场所本身适应性等多方面因素的复杂问题,而我国现行城市规划方案中对此往往采用简单的半径覆盖方式,这对城市住区灾时人员疏散安全带来了潜在的风险。本文针对城市住区应急避难场所防灾责任分区问题,通过对现有理论与应用研究的回顾发现,目前在该领域的研究以定性为主,量化研究存在进展缓慢,数量较少,学科交叉度不够等问题。基于已有研究,本文从综合疏散效率角度提出一个以P-中值模型理论为基础的多目标帕累托最优分区模型,该模型结合了对城市步行道路空间网络系统的图形学研究,以及对应急避难场所、疏散道路和住区人口分布的系统评价研究。最后,基于该模型并采用WebGis等技术实现了一个可视化计算的应用案例。
It is very important to protect the life and property of residents in emergency shelters in urban residential areas, Its layout and disaster prevention responsibility subarea is a distribution of population,economic environment,safety and evacuation place adaptability of various factors such as complex itself,but in the current urban planning in our country have often USES the simple way of radius of coverage,the urban residential public safety brings potential risks.This ar-ticle in view of the city residential emergency shelter disaster prevention responsibility subarea problem,through a review of the existing theory and application research,found that current research in this field is given priority to with qualitative,quantitative research is slow,the quantity is less,such problems as insufficient of interdisciplinarity.Based on existing research,combined with the team in the direction of the early stage of the progress,from point of view put forward a comprehensive evacuation efficiency on the basis of the principle of P -median model of multi-objective pareto optimal partition model,this model combines the urban road space walk network graphics research and the emergency shelter and evacuation road and residential population distribution system evaluation research.Finally,based on this model,and using WebGis and other technologiesto realize a visualization calculation application case.
出处
《住区》
2018年第6期31-38,共8页
Design Community
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目:应对突发事件的城市商业中心区外部空间步行疏散设计研究(No.51678084)基于社会力模型的地下商业建筑消防疏散设计研究(No.51378516)
关键词
住区避难安全
应急避难场所
防灾责任分区
P-中值模型
多目标规划
WebGis
safety of refuge in residential area
emergency shelter
disaster prevention responsibility subarea
P-Median Model
a multi-objective planning
WebGis